I have an anger problem. Not violent—I've never hit anyone—but I explode at small provocations. Traffic, incompetent coworkers, my kids leaving messes. I say things I regret. My wife says she's walking on eggshells. I've tried the stoic approach: catching myself before reacting, telling myself that nothing external can disturb me unless I let it, reminding myself that my anger hurts me more than it hurts the targets. It works sometimes, but it feels like I'm constantly suppressing a volcano. The pressure builds. A therapist suggested a different approach: instead of controlling the anger, understand it. "What is the anger protecting? What wound does it cover? You need to integrate this part of yourself, not exile it." She wants me to explore the anger, even express it in safe contexts, rather than always pushing it down. But that feels dangerous. What if exploring the anger just feeds it? What if I need control, not understanding? Should I master my anger through discipline, or should I try to understand and integrate it? — The Anger Management Question in Phoenix

From Psychology of the Unconscious: A Study of the Transformations and Symbolisms of the Libido. A Contribution to the History of the Evolution of Thought

"What you resist persists—the shadow must be integrated, not exiled"

The stoic approach to anger is a war against yourself that you cannot win. Every emotion you suppress does not disappear—it goes underground, into what I call the shadow, where it gains power over you. You experience this as pressure building, the volcano waiting to explode. The anger is part of you. It carries information about wounds, boundaries violated, needs unmet. When you exile it, you exile your own energy, your capacity for assertiveness, your ability to protect what matters. Your therapist is right: the path forward is not control but integration. This does not mean acting on every angry impulse—it means understanding what the anger wants to tell you, giving it voice in safe contexts, reclaiming the energy trapped within it. A man who has integrated his anger is far more powerful than one who merely suppresses it, because he can use that energy consciously rather than being ambushed by it.

From Meditations

"You have power over your mind, not outside events—discipline creates freedom"

Your therapist offers you an endless excavation of the psyche with no clear destination. Understand the anger, she says. Explore it. But understanding why you are angry does not stop you from damaging your marriage and frightening your children today. The stoic approach is not suppression—it is the recognition that your judgments, not external events, create your emotional responses. Traffic does not make you angry; your judgment that traffic should not exist makes you angry. Incompetent coworkers do not disturb you; your demand that they be competent disturbs you. When you change the judgment, the emotion loses its fuel. This is not pushing down a volcano—it is removing the heat that creates it. Yes, it requires discipline. Yes, it requires practice. But the alternative—endless exploration of psychological wounds—keeps you identified with the anger rather than free of it. You are not your anger. You are the awareness that can choose how to respond to it.